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On the Nature of Man
Nemesius of Emesa, tr. Wither, 1636
I. Of Anger, and of the names and nature of the three severall parts thereof Choller,…
Such a heating of the blood, about the heart, as is caused by an exhalation of choller troubling the same, is termed Anger, and therefore it is named also choller, and wrath: And sometime it is a desire of revenge; for if we have beene injured, or but suppose our selves injured, we are then angry; and that passion is usually mixed, both of anger, and of a desire which wee have to be revenged.
Anger is of three sorts or species. The first is called by the greekes 〈…〉 and 〈…〉; for it is but the first heat, or beginning, (as it were) of anger, and may be named in English choller, or an angry displeasure. The second is 〈…〉, so called of the greek word 〈…〉, which implies a delaying. or tarrying, or a thing-laid up in memory, and meaneth a continuing, or inveterate anger. The last is 〈…〉, derived of a word signifiing to lye in waite; and is a revenging anger, waiting opportunities of revenge.
Anger, is appointed to IIwaite upon reason; and when any thing is done wherewithall reason may justly be displeased, anger immediately taketh hold thereof (as shee ought to doe) if reason, and anger keep their limits and naturall course.